While base oils form the backbone of any lubricant, additives are what truly define an oil’s performance. Additives are chemical compounds mixed with the base oil to improve certain properties and enhance the oil’s ability to protect the engine.
Types of Additives and Their Functions Detergents: Detergents help prevent the buildup of deposits and keep the engine clean. They neutralize acidic byproducts that can form during combustion, preventing corrosion and sludge formation.
Dispersants: These additives prevent solid particles, such as soot or dirt, from clumping together and forming sludge. Dispersants keep these particles suspended in the oil until they are filtered out or drained during an oil change.
Anti-Wear Agents: These additives form a protective barrier on metal surfaces, reducing friction and wear. They’re particularly important in protecting high-stress components like camshafts and valve lifters.
Friction Modifiers: Friction modifiers reduce the friction between engine parts, improving fuel economy and reducing heat generation.
Antioxidants: These additives prevent oil oxidation, which occurs when oil breaks down due to exposure to high temperatures. Oxidation can lead to the formation of sludge and varnish, reducing the oil’s effectiveness.
Corrosion Inhibitors: Corrosion inhibitors protect metal surfaces from rust and corrosion, particularly in areas of the engine that are exposed to moisture.